Globalization and its Impact on Global Markets Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Globalization has several facets but mainly it deals with the globalization of markets and products. As far as globalization with respect to markets is considered, it is basically referred to as the merging and integration of distinct markets into one huge marketplace at the world level. It is widely considered that the preferences, trends, tastes, and behavior of consumers in different nations provide an initial base to converge the market on some sort of a single norm and thus assist in developing the global market. Coca Cola soft drinks, burgers of McDonald's, coffee of Starbucks, credit cards of Citigroup, furniture of IKEA, and video games of Sony PlayStations are some leading examples of this trend. By offering a universal product, the companies actually form a global market. In order to gain the benefits of international investments, it is not necessary for a company to be of the same strength as the multinational companies, e.g. in the USA, almost 90% of the firms, which mak e foreign investment at a global scale, don t have more than 100 employees while their market share has been rising for last ten years and now has crossed 20% of the overall market share (World Trade Organization, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and its Impact on Global Markets or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Although Coca Cola, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Starbucks, IKEA, and some other companies have dominating influence on international markets, even then there are certain differences which still persist with respect to various dimensions. It includes consumer behavior like preferences and taste, cultural values, distribution channels, business systems, and legal regulations.

Race And Gender Has Not Only Shaped The Lives Of People

Race and gender have not only shaped the lives of people, but the history of colonial Latin America as well. The hierarchical system in colonial Latin America was that people of whiter skin enjoyed more privilege (white privilege as a category of whiteness) and more power than people of darker skin. In terms of gender, men were seen as superior to women. The issue of racism developed since colonial times, where people of darker skin were the ones who have been oppressed by people of lighter skin, one example of this was slavery. Interestingly, in colonial Latin America, one’s race and gender were not just based on skin color or on biological sex. Instead, colonial Latin Americans placed people into categories used different criteria, as either ‘man’ or ‘woman’ or ‘black’ or ‘white.’ These criteria ranged anything from where one was born, to one’s physical appearance, or even to the amount of money one was willing to pa y to get to move up to a higher class. Essentially, race and gender came down to class in colonial Latin America. That meant that if you had more money the â€Å"whiter† you seemed and if you were a woman the more â€Å"feminine† you would be. Class is intertwined with race and gender and they informed one another. However, race and gender have created significant systems of power in Latin America by intersecting with its economic, political, and social projects. In particular, they have intersected with Brazil’s, Haiti’s, the Dominican Republic’s, Cuba’s, Puerto Rico’sShow MoreRelatedSocial Stratification : Social Class, Ethnicity, Age, And Gender1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthe more wealthy, the higher the ability to pay to achieve your goals. Lastly, prestige is the respect or renown one has within a community. Social identity is shaped by many factors that are affected and effect our everyday life. Common factors include: social cla ss, ethnicity, age, and gender. Britannica encyclopedia defines social class as â€Å"also called class, a group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status.† (Editors of Britannica, 2007). Everyone belongs to a socialRead MoreSocial Aspects Of A Person s Social Location905 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s place or location within their society. My social location has mainly been shaped by my past experiences with gender, social class, religion, and race. These four including many other factors have had a substantial influence on the way I view society. Growing up, I didn’t always conform to the normal little girl ways set by my society. I had Barbie dolls but I also had Pokà ©mon, Dinosaurs, and Ninja turtle toys. The social gender norm for girls would be tea parties and Barbie dolls, while boysRead MoreFeminism Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1137 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four major categories of feminist theories- Gender Differences, Gender Inequality, Gender Oppression and Structural Oppression. These theories analyze both women and men’s roles in society, they also question the roles of gender between men and women. This includes how class, race, ethnicity and age are viewed from a feminist perspective. The main reason that feminist theories are used is to educate society and to improve the lives of women by explaining each of the four major categoriesRead MoreRacism: An Essentialist Category1728 Words   |  7 PagesAt one time and still today to many people, race is an essentialis t category meaning that the race of a person is a category innate in them that sets them apart from others and makes them act in a certain way. 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Oliver emphasizes that â€Å"if the predominant images and metaphorsRead MoreAnalysis Of Daughter From Danang 1272 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the process of social construction, various social statuses, such as race, class, and gender, are given a deeper meaning than simply a category. In turn, these statuses begin having an effect on the groups they encompass, causing some groups to become dominate over others and shaping the hierarchy of their society. Once established, these statuses begin to intertwine and influence one another, along with space and time, which is called intersections. These intersections work together to furtherRead MoreThe Workplace Between Men And Women914 Words   |  4 PagesSocial location is the groups that individuals belong to in their communities. A person’s social location is determined by their gender, race, age, income, education and many other social factors. Being a 17 year old, caucasian female from a middle class family make s my social location different from others. As far as age goes, still being in high school greatly affects my social location. I am not an adult yet so I don’t have as many responsibilities as my parents do. This being said, I am not viewed

Teaching Experience What I Learned Free Essays

Final Reflective Essay on Teaching and Learning I have learned three things from my student teaching experience: effective pedagogy, classroom management, and humility. In this expository essay I will briefly explain each of the above-mentioned and explain why it is important. Among foreign language teachers, there is debate about how to most effectively teach. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Experience: What I Learned or any similar topic only for you Order Now The debate can be simplified to two pedagogical approaches; grammarbased vs. immersion-based. The grammar approach to learning a foreign language is traditional and still the dominate pedagogy in use today. If you took French, German, or Spanish in high school, this is how you were taught. The grammar approach is a mechanical approach to language-learning and has advantages and disadvantages. For example, if I am teaching a student the verb â€Å"to go,† I would write the various forms on the board: I go, you go, he/she goes, etc.. I would then direct students to practice this verb through written or spoken activities. When I think that I have adequately taught the verb, I would likely give a formative assessment to check student comprehension. And so it goes, piece by piece, I put together a language for my students. The advantage of this approach is that it is simple and very comprehensible. It’s like putting together a puzzle, one piece at a time. Students do not experience tremendous anxiety and do not feel lost in a sea of incomprehensible words. The principle disadvantage of this approach is that it is slow to build fluency. For those of you who took a foreign language in high school or even college, how much do you really remember now? The solution to the problem of fluency is immersion. One form of controlled immersion is called â€Å"TPRS,† and is the focus of the next few paragraphs. Language teachers and learners know that the key component to learning a foreign language is to travel abroad and live in that country. Teachers began experimenting with ways to duplicate this powerful learning experience in the classroom, and I feel that TPRS is the most successful imitation of it to date. TPRS stands for â€Å"Total Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling. † This pedagogical technique recognizes that a class meeting five days per week for less than an hour cannot imitate a true immersion xperience because true immersion involves a 24/7 experience. Instead, TPRS imitates the most salient and valuable features of immersion. Like the grammar approach, it has advantages and disadvantages. In TPRS, the teacher selects the most critical, high-frequency words and tells a repetitive story with them. For example, if I were teaching my students the same ver b â€Å"to go,† I would invent or borrow a simple, silly story. Then I would repeat â€Å"to go† over fifty times in that story. Prior to beginning the story I would briefly explain â€Å"to go† and write it on the board. Students are repeatedly exposed to important, high-frequency words in context, similar to what happens in the true immersion experience. Like the true immersion experience, TPRS builds fluency well. This better fluency is possible because the pedagogy imitates a part of the true immersion. The disadvantage to TPRS is that the grammar is delayed. A first-year TPRS student might say something weird like, â€Å"I eats peaches,† because he hasn’t yet learned that it should be said, â€Å"I eat peaches. † I conclude that TPRS is the most effective pedagogy. Compared to the traditional grammar approach, it builds fluency faster. The TPRS students I speak to report that they feel like they’re learning more and more engaged when compared to their previous grammar experiences. I believe that building fluency is the most important thing I can offer language-learners, and therefore my introduction to TPRS was the most important pedagogical event in my world. Because pragmatism is central to my teaching philosophy, I will most certainly use this technique. Classroom management is one of the most important skills a teacher can have because it really refers to whether or not the teacher has the class on-task and learning. If the class is not on-task, then learning is not taking place! I will briefly tell the story of my experience with eighth-grade students re classroom management and then explain why this knowledge is very important. When I â€Å"took the reins† of my new classroom at C R Anderson Middle School, I purposefully did not change my cooperating teacher’s procedures and routines. I thought that changing to my teaching style immediately would be too abrupt and instead gradually transitioned to my different style. Things went smoothly for several weeks†¦ students were on-task and learning. Then I completed the transition from the student’s familiar routines and procedures to mine. A week or two after all old routines and procedures were gone, I began to lose control of my students. I was flabbergasted by some of the behavioral problems that appeared, often in students that had never been problematic before. I could see that I was losing them, so I tightened up discipline and started giving out detentions. Although my tighter discipline quieted the class down, it was not an effective solution because 1)I was spending class time giving out detentions and 2) they really weren’t on task, they were just more quiet. I read an excerpt from a Master Teacher’s book on classroom management (Mr. Wong) and it changed my life. I realized that the reason my students were no longer on task is because I had failed to provide them with routines and procedures. For example, I did not implement a seating chart. This was a procedure that the students were used to and its absence created a sense of anxiety that translated into classroom management problems. I re-implemented the procedures and routines that had been in place with my cooperating teacher and immediately got my students (for the most part) back ontask. I cannot stress how important routines and procedures are for keeping students on-track and learning. Without solid classroom management, I may just as well be running a study hall. Because a teacher’s purpose is to be teaching, my acquisition of this critical skill changed my life. I owe a thanks to my cooperating teacher, Mrs. Barb Cooper, Mr. Wong, and SOE instructors for providing me with excellent classroom management materials. Lastly, I have learned humility. I am in general a confident person and take pride in being competent in my subject. Student teaching taught me that I did not know everything. I would hate to be in a profession or job where I felt like I was done learning or where I felt bored. I now know with certainty that I love teaching, and knowing that about a career before looking for a job is important. I am not the absolute best classroom manager, nor am I the absolute best at TPRS. I do, however, have very good tools and experience to guide my mastery of these subjects, and I am extremely optimistic and eager to continue teaching as a professional. I am grateful to my cooperating teachers, their schools, and the SOE for the professional support and guidance they provided. The sense of humility I now possess is what allows me to continue to grow professionally, and continued growth, above all other qualities, is important to me. How to cite Teaching Experience: What I Learned, Papers

Epic Theatres Essay Example For Students

Epic Theatres Essay Epic TheatresEpic Theatre turns the spectator into an observer, but arouses his capacity foraction, forces him to take decisionsthe spectator stands outside, studies.(Bertolt Brecht. Brecht on Theatre. New York:Hill Yang, 1964. p37)The concept of epic theatre was brought to life by German playwright, BertoltBrecht. This direction of theatre was inspired by Brechts Marxist politicalbeliefs.It was somewhat of a political platform for his ideologies. Epictheatre is the assimilation of education through entertainment and is theantithesis of Stanislavskys Realism and also Expressionism.Brecht believedthat, unlike epic theatre, Expressionism and Realism were incapable of exposinghuman nature and so had no educational value. He conjectured that his form oftheatre was capable of provoking a change in society.Brechts intention wasto encourage the audience to ponder, with critical detachment, the moraldilemmas presented before them. We will write a custom essay on Epic Theatres specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In order to analyse and evaluate the action occurring on stage, Brecht believedthat the audience must not allow itself to become emotionally involved in thestory. Rather they should, through a series of anti-illusive devices, feelalienated from it. The effect of this deliberate exclusion makes it difficultfor the audience to empathise with the characters and their predicament.Thus,they could study the plays social or political message and not the actualevents being performed on stage. This process is called Verfremdungseffekt, orthe alienation effect, where instead of identifying with the characters, theaudience is reminded that they are watching only a portrayal of reality. Several well-known Brechtian plays include Drums in the Night, Edward 2, TheThreepenny Opera, Rise and Fall of the Town of Mahoganny, The Life of Galileo,The Good Person of Szechwan, Triple-A Plowed Under, One-Third of a Nation,Mother Courage and her children and the Caucasian Chalk Circle. A play whose dramatic structure and didactic purposes epitomises epic theatre isThe Caucasian Chalk Circle (CCC).The prologue of this play transpires in aCaucasian village of the Soviet Union, where the people of this village arebeing presented a play called The Chalk Circle. This play is narrated by a Singer and embarks on the story of a servant girl, Grusha, who rescues thegovernors son when their city falls under siege. The son, Michael, has beenleft behind, without so much as a backward glance, by his fleeing mother. Grusha escapes, with Michael in her arms, to the mountains where they live forover a year.Along this journey, countless places and people are encountered,a number that would only occur in epic theatre. In truly epic fashion, the play then regresses to the beginning of the story andintroduces a man, Azdak. By chance this character becomes an amoral and almostabsurd judge in Grusha and Michaels former city.The paths of Grusha andAzdak cross when Grusha is summoned to the trial that will determine who is tohave custody of Michael. His biological mother or the peasant Grusha who hascared for him the past years? Azdaks ruling results from the outcome of the Chalk Circle test.Grusha is awarded the child and hence, though the law hassuccumbed, justice has prevailed. It is arguable that Brechts message in thiswas to the Germans, that in order to uphold justice they must revolt againstHitlers law. Many components of The CCC brand it to be an epic drama.The Singer narrateswhat is to occur at the commencement of each scene, so that the audience isfamiliar with enough of the plot in order for them to refrain from becomingemotionally involved. Thoughts that could only be expressed through soliloquiesare also executed by the Singer. This person additionally allows the play touninhibitedly change place and time by just citing several words. The abilityof altering the situation and time is another element of epic theatre. TheSinger accomplishes the transition from Grushas story to Azdaks and thisaction assists in weakening the audiences engagement with Grushas plight. .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .postImageUrl , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:hover , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:visited , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:active { border:0!important; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:active , .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7 .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc078955fcd3c2fb58ea2dd2540f85c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crucible Essay HelpBrecht has calculated the character of Grusha to be one that the audience doesnot wish to identify with. Her salvation of Michael is not a maternal and nobleact but more of a disheartened resignation.Throughout her ongoing strugglefor survival she is not courageous but insidious.However, she does ignoreher own interests, putting her life in jeopardy, and is thus humane. Thisaction could be evaluated as a further social directive of Brechts, again aimedat the Germans. It could represent that they can only be humane by striving tothwart Hitler, though they would be endangering their lives by doing so.Theexistence of a social message in this play further in dicates that the CCC isindeed an example of epic theatre. When performing an epic drama many Brechtian alienation techniques can beincorporated.To illustrate these possible techniques, scene 6 of the CCC willbe briefly studied and directed. This scene begins with a narration by theSinger.During this speech the Singer could be finishing erecting the sets upon stage, demonstrating to the audience that the scenery and props are just thatand not authentic.In Brechts time he often used a German theatre called theTheater am Schiffbauerdamn where the auditorium was structured in an extravagantway close to fantasy, while its stage was stark and mechanical. This contrastreminded the audience that, while they were there to be entertained, they werealso to think scientifically. Thus, a theatre resembling this layout could beemployed. In Brechtian plays great care is taken to symbolically portray what social classeach character belongs to and so the costumes of Grusha and the governors wifewould greatly differ.Soldiers called Ironshirts appear in this scene andthese characters could speak in mechanical and non-human voices and movements. By doing this the Ironshirts would be symbolic of their characters, rather thanrealistic, and so the audience would again feel alienated. Another popular Verfremdungseffekt effect is to flood the stage with a harsh,white light. This induces the audience to remember that again they are onlywatching a reenactment of reality. It would therefore be most profitable toutilize this technique when there is the threat that the audience is becominginvolved. Hence, this device should be implemented at the critical moment ofthe Chalk Circle test and before Azdak announces his descision.

Evaluating Social Media Marketing Essay Sample free essay sample

To stay competitory and relevant in today’s technological universe. a figure of concerns have realized that societal media selling is a good manner to set up an online and outstanding presence. By fall ining the digital age. both little and big concerns are pulling a considerable sum of attending to their merchandises and/or services. Subsequently. they are bettering their selling public presentation. building-meaningful relationships. generating-huge net incomes. and securing-future concern. In visible radiation of this. this paper will discourse several grounds why societal media selling has become extremely popular among concerns of all sizes. It will besides analyze some benefits and booby traps sing concern enterprisers in the context of societal media. Furthermore. it will speak about an advanced scheme utilized by PepsiCo to reap client penetration every bit good as two other concerns who gained advantage in similar mode. Finally. it will theorize the impact societal me dia will hold on concerns in the close hereafter. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating Social Media Marketing Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and supply implicative accomplishments needed to acquire the most out of the alterations environing it. Reasons for Social Media Marketing Popularity Before measuring some grounds why societal media selling has become so popular in today’s market place. what precisely does the bombilation phrase societal media marketing mean? A on the job definition for consideration has been provided by ( Ward. 2012 ) . â€Å"Social media marketing consists of the effort to utilize societal media to carry consumers that one’s company. merchandises and/or services are worthwhile. † By acknowledging that societal media is a powerful selling tool to carry or tempt consumers. legion companies like Pepsi. Starbucks. and Hyundai to call a few. have benefited and go on to profit from it. Further grounds of this will be provided subsequently on. Furthermore. many companies use societal media sites or webs such as Facebook. Twitter. YouTube. Google. LinkedIn. and others to bring forth a batch of traffic or draw prospective clients. In so making. they by and large generate a batch of concern by forging-deeper relationships. act uponing consumers’ behaviour. and finally winning their assurance to purchase their merchandises or subscribe to their services. In add-on to forging or edifice relationships. act uponing consumers’ behaviour. and winning their assurance. many companies besides use societal media sites as a strategic selling tool to increase their concern chances. As a consequence. the per centum of their market portions becomes high. Not merely does the per centum of their market portions become high. but the chance of future concern becomes assuring. Furthermore. critical feedback is besides received from the degree of concern chances. Using societal media hence is non merely a powerful selling tool to carry consumers. construct relationships. addition exposure. and increase concern chances. but it is besides a strategic instrument. For case. it helps concerns to pull off new information and stay connected with their clients. In support of this truth. the writer of Should Business Embrace Social Networking? As reported by ( Reid. 2009 ) . â€Å"Social media for selling was genuinely necessary to maintain company near to the client. † As a affair of fact. many companies are utilizing societal media services as their chief digital tool to hold direct interactions with their clients. nurture relationships. and keep a good public image. T o add to this. it has been pointed out by ( Maldonado. 2010 ) . â€Å"Social media has opened a bipartisan communicating for people and has allowed companies to give an full section for establishing their selling runs through societal webs such as LinkedIn. YouTube and FaceBook. † In short. societal media selling has become extremely popular. particularly in recent old ages. Simply because many companies have realized that it is an effectual selling tool to prosecute more clients and win their concern. Benefits and Pitfalls of Social Media Marketing for Business Entrepreneurs Becoming a concern enterpriser is a exalted aspiration for many people. Therefore. concern enterprisers ought to hold basis-business constructs every bit good as good merchandises and originative ways to market them. In add-on to holding fundamental-business constructs. good merchandises. and the ability to market them. there are some benefits and booby traps normally associated with societal media selling. Some benefits or advantages to see as relate to concern enterprisers are as follows: societal media is good because it is a user friendly tool and it is a practical vehicle of making concern. Besides. it is free in nature to a certain grade and it lacks boundaries—accessible to everyone. Further. get downing a new venture by utilizing societal media in regard to selling make non necessary requires a large start-up budget or working capital. In add-on. utilizing societal media surely provides a degree of liberty for concern enterprisers. Furthermore. they do non necessary require any educational position to voyage the landscape of cyberspace selling. Besides. utilizing societal media is a reasonably cheap manner of ascertaining-pertinent feedback from consumers as it relates to trade name satisfaction. betterment. and development. In short. societal media selling helps to place a company on a planetary graduated table. promotes a company trade name. and at the same clip builds strong-customer dealingss. On the other manus. there are booby traps environing societal media marketing for concern enterprisers. For illustration. the below tabular array as provided by ( Pr att. 2009 ) revealed some top barriers as relate to ciphering the return on investing ( RO1 ) of societal media: 1Lack of dedicated resources to make the measuring and analysis30 % 2Don’t know what to measure25 % 3Social media isn’t chiefly about RO120 %4Lack of tools14 % In order to hold a good established concern and remain competitory in the societal media industry as shown in the above tabular array requires a good hard currency flow or dedicated resources. Lack of resources usually becomes a serious hinderance for concern enterprisers and hence makes it financially hard for them to vie and last in the societal media environment. Furthermore. unequal resources or hard currency flow makes it highly disputing to raise financess from possible investors. facilitate concern growing. establish new merchandises. and derive an advantage in the societal media sphere. Besides. non holding adequate resources potentially cripples concern entrepreneurs’ selling ability to carry on ongoing market research. As a consequence. merchandise development. production. growing. and adulthood suffer. Another booby trap or disadvantage environing concern enterprisers is commitment. Even though it is easy to venture out into the societal media universe. it takes firm committedness. passion. and subject to accomplish coveted ends in today’s of all time altering market place. Additionally. it takes a great trade of forbearance and attention to develop and cultivate good relationships. Failure to develop good relationships decidedly contributes to miss of concern chances. Without concern or advertisement chances in the societal media civilization. relationships begin to decline drastically. trade name exposure suffers. and possible gross is non realized. Evidence of this truth has been noted by ( Sau-ling. 2011 ) . â€Å"Profit for societal media sites is generated from concern chances. † Not merely do concern chances affect the mentioned countries for concern enterprisers. but they besides consequence the development or cultivation of a group of people. As a affair of fact. people are critical to the daily demands. interactions. and outlooks of the s ocietal media universe. On this concluding point. it is non advantageous for concern enterprisers to prosecute in societal media marketing without equal resources. creativeness. trade name exposure. concern chances. and people. Advanced Strategy Utilized by PepsiCoIn hunt of new concern chances and penetrations with an attempt to positively impact the planetary community while deriving financially. PepsiCo late deployed an advanced scheme called the Pepsi Refresh Project. Against such background. PepsiCo deliberately decided non to prosecute in the traditional limelight of the one-year Super Bowl ( 23 ) . Rather. it invested a significant sum of money in exchange for consumers’ originative thoughts. To give farther grounds of this. harmonizing to the article Pepsi Gets Into The Thick Of Things ( 2010 ) . â€Å"The Pepsi Refresh Project will present more than $ 20 million this twelvemonth to fund thoughts that will do a positive impact on their community. † Such sum of money spent by PepsiCo ab initio seemed unprecedented or uneven to the general populace. However. from a strategic-marketing position. it was truly good for PepsiCo in a figure of ways. To exemplify. the company was able to obtai n originative thoughts and insightful information from the general populace. Further. it was able to set up a societal media platform through its trade name consciousness. Besides. it was able to advance a more positive and synergistic experience. which is now being translated into immense net incomes. As a consequence of the positive result of such undertaking and the radical nature of societal media selling. harmonizing to ( Wiley. 2012 ) . â€Å"Pepsi’s CEO Indra Nooyi announced that the company is puting tierce of its selling budget in societal media. † Without a shadow of a uncertainty. societal media has helped PepsiCo to derive an advantage with regard to client penetration than it would hold otherwise. Two other concerns have besides used societal media to their advantage. which will be discussed following. Two Other Businesss Deployed Social Media to Their Advantage StarBucks and Hyundai have besides used and go on to utilize societal media as a strategic selling tool to their advantage. StarBucks. for illustration. late experienced a important diminution in its concern gross for a figure of grounds. As a consequence. a figure of their shops across the United Sates were forced to shut. In an effort to recover a stronger public presence refering the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s trade name. StarBucks had to tap into the power of societal media selling. To give grounds of this. it has been reported by ( Morrison. 2011 ) . â€Å"In January 2008. Mr. Schultz once more took clasp of the main executive reins and announced sweeping plans-including the closing of underachieving stores-for the ailing company’s turnaround. aching much of its rejoinder on client experience and invention. † The use of societal media since so has helped the company enormously. For illustration. customers’ experience has been elevated through the company’s new merchandises. Gross saless have besides increased locally and globally. But most significantly. the clients feel a deep sense of heat and connectivity because they are able to voice their concerns. stay updated and even customized their drinks by utilizing the company’s sites—MyStarbucksIdea. Hyundai is the following receiver of societal media selling. This company every bit antecedently stated has been utilizing societal media as a selling tool for a twosome of old ages. In so making it has reaped significant-financial benefits. Initially. the degree of concern for the company was really. peculiarly during the economic slack in 2008. A figure of factors like trade name perceptual experience or value. client satisfaction every bit good as the deficiency of inputs thereof contributed to the company’ s hapless degree of concern. However. in an attempt to stabilise the company’s trade name and compete at a high degree. while placing clients need and beging their inputs. the company changed its selling attack. To that terminal. it has been reported by ( Holiday. 2009 ) . â€Å"In early 2007. things began to alter when Joel Ewanick. Hyundai’s VP-marketing. arrived from Richards Group. so Hyundai’s creative and media bureau. where he had been director-bran planning. † With the reaching of the new VP and his ability to accommodate rapidly to the societal media environment. every bit good as understanding the demands of client. and establishing new trade names ; the company’s fiscal image quickly improved. To add to this as farther observed by Holiday. â€Å"Nielsen’s on-line post-game study found 43 % of participants said Hyundai Super Bowl ads improved their sentiment of the trade name. † Once once more. societal media along with originative research and developme nt and aggressive selling tactics have helped Hyundai to derive a competitory border in the fighting car industry. Future Impact and Improvement of Skills Since human existences by nature are societal animals. and they have an built-in inclination to link and discourse one with another on a regular footing. societal media decidedly will be around for many old ages to come. As a affair of a fact. it has been reported by ( Tsai. 2009 ) . â€Å"Social media selling in the U. S. will turn from $ 716 million this twelvemonth to more than $ 3. 1 billion in 2014. † With such prodigious projection. the future-communications landscape of societal media will alter even further. For this ground. concerns of all sizes will be adversely impacted in a figure of ways. An illustration of this is societal media marketing would do traditional selling such as print newspapers. direct mail. and the xanthous pages irrelevant to some extent. Therefore. the development or retooling of new accomplishments is perfectly necessary so as to take full advantage of the societal media universe. Some implicative or needed accomplishments that would intermix ni cely with the societal media universe are as follows: effectual people accomplishments. societal media usage policy accomplishments. fundamental-graphics design and picture accomplishments. research and web design accomplishments. advanced. electronic mail and texting accomplishments. and the ability to efficaciously utilize hunt engines such as Google. MSN. Yahoo and others. Having these relevant accomplishments would in fact enhance one’s ability to take full advantage of the alterations environing the societal media universe. To reason. it is most obvious that societal media has radically transformed the modern universe. As a consequence. a figure of concerns of all sizes have rapidly learned to tap into the power of societal media marketing so as to vie on a high degree and remain relevant. Furthermore. in hunt of new concern chances every bit good as remaining connected with the multitudes across the Earth. many concerns are even compelled to believe outside the traditional box of selling. Consequently. they have implemented advanced ways to showcase their merchandises. Besides. they continue to happen originative ways to construct positive relationships through societal media. and thereby profiting from it in noticeable ways. That being said. the hereafter of societal media so looks promising because it is a powerful vehicle that drives the u niverse. Mentions ( 2010 ) . Pepsi Gets Into The Thick Of Thingss: WWD: Women’s Wear Daily. Retrieved on August 20. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ebscohost. com Holiday. J. ( 2009. ) . Seller Of The Year. Hyundai. ( Cover narrative ) . Ad Age. 80 ( 38 ) . 1-12. Retrieved on August 19. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ebscohost. com Maldonado. N. ( 2010 ) . Connect and Promote. Career World. 38 ( 5 ) . 26-29. Retrieved on August 14. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //web-ebscohost. libdatab. straggler. edu/ehost/detail Morrison. M. ( 2011. ) . Forging A Moment Of Connection. Ad Age. 82 ( 40 ) . 30. Retrieved on August 19. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: World Wide Web. ebscohost. com Pratt. K. M. ( 2009. ) . Cashing in on Tweets. ( Cover narrative ) . Computerworld. 43 ( 29 ) . 22-26. Retrieved on August 19. 20012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //web-ebsohost-com. libdatab. straggler. edu/ehost/detail? Reid. C. K. ( 2009. ) . Should Business Embrace Social Networking? Econtent. 32 ( 5 ) . 34-39. Retrieved on August 14. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //web-ebscohost-com. libdatab. straggler. edu Sau-ling. L. ( 2011. ) . Soical Commerce–E-Commerce in Social Media Context. World Academy Of Science. Engineering A ; Technology. 7239-44 ( ) . . Retrieved on August 22. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //web-ebscohost-com. libdatab. straggler. edu/ehost/detail? Tsai. J. ( 2009. ) . EveryOne’s Social ( Already ) . CRM Magazine. 13 ( 16 ) . 34-38. Retrieved on August 20. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www-ebscohost. comlibdata. straggler. edu/ehost/detail? Ward. S. ( 2012 ) . Social Media Marketing. Retrieved on August 14. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //sbinfocanada. about. com Wiley. J. ( 2012 ) . Marketing Management. In Boone. A ; Kurtz ( Eds. ) . Contemporary Business ( 14 erectile dysfunction. . pp. 4-597 ) .

In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and socia essays

In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and socia essays Any Revolution can usually be credited to some sort of constitutional and/or social development. Between 1860 and 1877, constitutional and social developments contributed to the revolution in many, many ways including The South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession, The Reconstruction Act, and the Freedmens Bureau. The South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession helped to start the revolution, as stated in Document A. Being the first to secede, South Carolina led an example, and other states followed. As stated by John Sherman in Document B, It has been a principle of states rights, that bad sentiment that has elevated state authority above national authority, that has been the main instrument by which our government is sought to be overthrown. (Meaning that the government has been overthrown as a result of giving the states too much power.) Sherman also believes that the policy of this country ought to be to make everything national as far as possible. The Reconstruction Act also contributed to causing the Revolution. The angered the South because it placed too many restrictions (such as registering new electorate voters) on it, helping the revolution to be well on its way. In Document F, Senator Lot Morrill thinks the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is revolutionary. However, he believed that there was already a revolution taking place, but no one realized. A third leading cause of the Revolution was The Freedmens Bureau. As represented in Document E, the Bureau was meant to give Homesteads to the freed slaves, but the promises made by the government were not kept. Document Is picture represents how the freedmen felt that having no rights was even worse than slavery. Of course, there were more constitutional and social developments that contributed to causing the Revolution such as the Emancipation Proclamation, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Black Codes. ...

Disability Does Not Mean Inability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disability Does Not Mean Inability - Essay Example e, disabled people may need more commitment and determination to pursue goals since they may lack certain physical or mental characteristics to perform well in this or that sphere (Wasserman & Asch, 2013). Nonetheless, they have courage and strength to go beyond any possible limits. Paralympics can be regarded as one of the brightest examples of this determination and people’s desire to prove that disability is not inability. For me, the phrase â€Å"Disability is not inability† is associated with unprecedented but inherent quality of a human being. Humans can adjust to any environment and any condition. More so, they may benefit from any condition. Disability often touches only one or a few spheres of the human life. If a person cannot hear, it does not mean that he/she cannot write beautiful stories, paint marvelous pictures, build houses, save people’s lives (being a scientist) and so on. People have a variety of opportunities to make a difference. Hence, disability puts certain limits to certain spheres only. It is also important to remember that the development of technology opens up new horizons. Thus, people whose limbs were amputated participate in sport competitions and show remarkable results. Surgeons often perform outstanding surgeries and people start hearing or seeing again. Healthcare has improved the quality of people’s lives significantly. Personally, I do not have any impairments and I can only imagine what it feels like to be different. However, I know some people who have to live with it. Notably, these people are also examples of determination and capability. Thus, Alex does not walk and is confined to a wheelchair. Nonetheless, he has never complained or drawn people’s attention to his impairment. He works for a multinational as a translator and he is highly valued in his organization. He is punctual and hard-working. What impresses me most is that Alex does sports and has a hobby. He is a great photographer and he is thinking of

Collection Plan for the scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Collection Plan for the scenario - Essay Example Organizing the data collected and managing it for consumption entails the whole intelligence process. In the present situation, the information provided below aims at aiding the officers develops intelligence and information useful in dealing with the situation and identifying any threats that may arise from the sale of the item to either the terrorists or any other group of individuals. The information is developed and provided to the different operational teams for positively consumption to combat the situation. In addition, ensure that the resulting effect is not of any effect of negative nature to the respective country they represent or the international community. The reaction to the data collected bases on the different validation aspects that the data satisfies. The study detailed below discusses the multi-INT collection plan against the different targets in the scenario. The collection scenario will aim at gathering all the necessary data about the scenario in the case provided. The collection will have specific targets based on the relevance of the data that the team is in position to collect from these targets. The different targets that the intelligence teams aim at gathering the information on include the counterterrorism effort, the effort to combat the narcotics business and counter proliferation. For effective collection of the data for this scenario, there is need to have a well-trained resourceful team with a number of members that understand the common language in the areas that these threats are standing. These will provide the aid in translating the different information and obtaining information from the field that is necessary to add to the current intelligence knowledge available. These provide the specific targets that the INT group needs to focus on. The group will obtain more information on the scenarios provided and obtain even more information that may provide a different opinion. For

Exploring Qualitative Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exploring Qualitative Problems - Essay Example This may be due to them holding down a full time job, or their personal commitments that do not allow them to travel to school. Some students may be ill or may not be in a position to move out of their present residence to be able to attend college. Distance education schools provide such student with the chance to study and add to their knowledge and expertise without attending daily classes. These courses may be run via the internet by publishing lectures, by sending course material and receiving physical or electronic assignments from students or by using podcasts and interactive sessions on occasion. Many schools combine a number of methods in order to provide the best possible learning experience to their students. But often, this experience does fall quite short of the benchmark set by regular courses. This is often attributed to the reduced stimulation received by students taking distance education courses. Thus, a large body of research has been attempting to understand and a ddress this concern over the last few years. Research Addressing Quality Enhancement In a study by De Smet, Van Keer, and  Valcke (2008), the interactions amongst fourth year students who were trained to be peer tutors and freshmen were analyzed using content analysis (Shank, 2006; Bogdan, & Biklen; 2007). The study attempted to evaluate the kind of interactions and the topics covered by tutors and the support strategies provided by them in asynchronous discussion conditions. The authors evaluated the discussion threads and collected data by identifying the type of discussions and the points of change in topics. It was found that the importance of tutors was constant throughout. The discussions among participants and the strategies used by the tutors varied as per the discussion themes; but did not evolve to higher levels of conversation. The study also used cluster analysis to identify the types of tutors; and found three styles - motivators’, ‘informers’ and ‘knowledge constructors’. This was taken as more proof for the importance of tutors. While content analysis of conversation amongst peer tutors and the students has provided valuable information on this study (Bogdan, & Biklen; 2007); it would have been more valuable if some professional tutors were also to interact with students. The value and need of tutors is dependent on the students’ need to gain information that may not be otherwise accessible. Professional tutors may handle discussions differently from peers, and these differences may help us identify the kind of inputs that help distance education participants’ gain more knowledge and skills from their courses. The content analysis also gives us the type of interaction and the styles of interaction used to approach a given problem. This is a truly valuable technique in this case, as it helps us identify the structure of conversation that best helps in student development in a given topic. Another s tudy published by Menchaca and Bekele in 2008 provides an understanding of the elements that contribute to making distance education a success. The researchers wanted to identify the strategies and the tools that helped both instructors and students to succeed in online courses. To this end, they collected data from students, instructors and administrators over a long period and applied a qualitative method for constant comparative analysis

Postpartum Depression And Postnatal Depression Psychology Essay

Postpartum Depression And Postnatal Depression Psychology Essay Presently at hand there is a reoccurring social problem that is alarming to pregnant women collectively. The social dilemma is identified as postpartum depression otherwise to some as postnatal depression. Postpartum is a significant type of clinical depression that inhibits women emotionally and physically following childbirth. Postpartum depression is a form of depression that follows child birth in particular mothers. Cases can be mild or severe enough to be labeled psychosis and require hospitalization ( ). When people contemplate desolation, many assume depression as just erratic mood swings, anxiety, or guilt which is self inflicted. However depression is beyond mood swings and impulsive emotions. Depression is the fourth leading cause of global disease burden for individuals and society (Brundtland, 1998).Depression is a clinical diagnosed ailment that hinders the world population. Depression can be treated and alleviated, although overlooked may develop into severe mental and physical problems. Postpartum depression is a grave illness that requires immediate attention by qualified physicians. Those who are diagnosed with depression often encounter symptoms similar to guilt, anxiety, sleeplessness, and constant thoughts of suicide. PPD is a serious social predicament that should not be ignored, if manifested PPD can be very detrimental to the welfare of families and children. Although men can develop PPD, typically PPD troubles women who undergo the early phases of childbirth usually proceeding three months of delivery. Women are more vulnerable to PPD given that their bodies undergo extreme psychological, physical, and developmental change in such a short duration. There are various explanations and diagnosis into why PPD develops within women post birth. Some of these reasons include Hormonal change, sudden vary of lifestyle, mental illness, along with stress. Furthermore PPD is not just an obstacle that occupies a few; PPD is universal and in fact common in many child births. One in six women is affected by mental distress during pregnancy or postpartum, and was found to be the leading cause of maternal death between 2000 and 2002 (Lewis 2004). Some intellects may regard these manners simply as the baby blues; nevertheless expert studies have revealed that PPD is indeed a well documented illness that inhabits women of every populace. Furthermore this r esearch paper will confer the issues of postpartum disorder along with providing adequate information concerning the causes, symptoms, impact on child development, and methods for treatment. Now that I have identified postpartum depression, lets acknowledge as well as analyze the causes and symptoms of PPD. It is often difficult to diagnose or even pin point the sources of PPD; however several doctors explicate that PPD may be triggered by unexpected change in hormones, sudden adjustment of lifestyle, mental illness, or stress. Postpartum depression occurs in 10-15% of women in the general population ( ). Women who undergo pregnancy usually encompass higher levels of hormones which in essence can alter cognitive behaviors and emotions. All women are unique; many go through intense body and hormonal changes. Subsequent to birth it is common for women to have decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone which can instigate mood swings, nervousness, as well as extreme fatigue. Following pregnancy, mothers who experience PPD frequently endure the postpartum blues; moreover 85% of women experience some type of mood disturbance. For most women, symptoms are transient and rela tively mild, however 10-15% of women experience a more disabling and persistent form of depression and 0.1-0.2% of women experience postpartum psychosis ( ). The postpartum depression or baby blues traumatic symptoms include of anxiety, sleeplessness, loss of energy, guilt, and at some levels severe mental psychosis. Another cause of PPD is the abrupt change of daily routine. The change of lifestyle from time to time may be overwhelming or even too demanding for newborn families. Mothers and Fathers are sometimes unaware the drastic lifestyle changes a baby initiates. In other words some families are unprepared for the consequences and responsibilities of nurturing a newborn. This is particularly true when it comes to younger couples who engage in unplanned pregnancies. You see this scenario all too often, couples who lack maturity, experience, as well as responsibility do not understand what it takes to be a suitable parent. This is why education plus counseling is crucial to counteract PPD. Many families who lack the resources, education, healthcare, or economic means are further susceptible to PPD; as a result the lower class citizens usually suffer largely. Additional contributing factors to PPD consist of patients who suffer from substance abuse, unplanned pregnancy, financial problems, poor relationships, and those who already endure a history of mental illness or depression. If this problem is left untreated, postnatal depression can last for months or even years, therefore endangering yourself and your childs welfare. Next I plan on discussing the impact that postpartum depression has on newborn babies and child development. The early stages of child maturity is significant, otherwise health problems may transpire. Children of mothers with postpartum depression are more likely than children of non depressed mothers to exhibit behavioral problems (e.g., sleep and eating difficulties, temper tantrums, hyperactivity), delays in cognitive development, emotional and social deregulation, and early onset of depressive illness( ). Implying families who bear post partum depression may in fact negatively affect parent-infant relations. Newborn babies require constant attention and nurturing, however if the family is experiencing PPD, this may result in neglect ion of the Childs physical and emotional upbringing. The mother and infant bonding is essential for childhood growth, furthermore PPD could hold a profound impact on the Childs well being. Untreated postpartum affective illness places both the mother and infant at risk and is associated with significant long-term effects on child development and behavior therefore, appropriate screening, prompt recognition, and treatment of depression are essential for both maternal and infant well-being and can improve outcome ( ). If the symptoms of PPD persist, the child may unconsciously withdraw or reject the mothers parenting. At this point we have recognized Post partum depression as well as documented the cause and effects of PPD. Therefore lets focus on the process for treating PPD. No two women are alike, so treating PPD can be tedious even overwhelming sometimes. The most important factor for treatment of PPD is early detection. Realizing there is a problem and early treatment is crucial for reducing PPD. And though PPD is categorized as a disorder, there are several affective methods for healing. A number of techniques used to counter PPD include counseling, antidepressant drugs, and importantly education. Post natal depression is in fact a curable illness but it takes time along with education which is the crucial. It is also essential to surround yourself with quality caregivers. In addition its vital to encompass a good support system like family, friends, collegues, or even co workers to help ease the symptoms of depression. Medication and professional counseling can often be successful for reduc ing or eliminating the symptoms of PPD. Many doctors believe that counseling plus anti depressants including nortriptyline, paroxetine, and sertraline will help counter the symptoms of PPD. And I know this day and age drugs are not always the answer; however experts agree that antidepressants along with therapy plus counseling are well documented for alleviating PPD. As you can observe postpartum depression is as significant illness that plagues women of all stature. Postpartum depression has been established in numerous studies to have a negative effect on a mothers ability to provide optimal care for her infant ( ). One in six women is affected by mental distress during pregnancy or postpartum, and was found to be the leading cause of maternal death between 2000 and 2002 (Lewis 2004). PPD is a serious social issue that needs further attention. This is not a dilemma that discriminates between race, gender, or age. Everyone is susceptible to PPD and this illness is increasing with the hardship of times. There is a dire need of education and healthcare for families that experience PPD.

The BU Biolab Essay -- Disaster Management

The rapid pace of vaccine development convinces people that they are safe from the infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the anthrax outbreak in 2001, having killed five people, reveals the vulnerability of the public health, suggesting that further research on contagious epidemics should be developed abruptly. In response to this issue, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) granted Boston University a $128 million funding for the construction of a new leading facility known as the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory (NEIDL or BU Biolab), which would be sited on the Boston University Medical Campus, to battle against contagious ailments. Besides conducting research on infectious diseases, the BU Biolab will also perform research to prepare for bioterrorism (Le Duc). According to the Center for Disease Control, there are four levels of increasing of containment for research on infections ranging from Biosafety Levels 1 through 4 (BSL-1 to BSL-4) . While much of the research on epidemics is done in laboratories with BSL-2 to BSL-3, the BU Biolab, with the highest level of precaution, BSL-4, will conduct research on rare contagious epidemics including anthrax, ebola, and plague, which are usually life threatening. Even though the construction of the BU Biolab was completed in 2008, no research is being conducted since the legal approval from the local community is required for the BU Biolab to fully operate at the BSL-4 research. One of the reasons that keeps local residents from approving is the concern regarding security and safety. As the study of dangerous infections with unknown cure will be taking place at the BU Biolab, the fear of deadly pathogens leaking rises among the public. The ... ...ing millions of lives around the world. Think of the bioterrorism attack using anthrax in 2001 and how it jeopardized the safety and security of the community. What would protect the community from this disastrous attack in the future? Works Cited Cataneo, Emily. â€Å"Tensions High at BU BioLab Meeting.† NEIDL 6 Oct. 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2012. Hernandez, Gabrielle. â€Å"BU Biosafety Lab Ignites Critiques.† Tufts Daily. 20 Oct. 2009. Web. 25 Feb. 2012. Keith, Jean Hennelly. â€Å"Leading Lab for Biosafety.† Bostonia Winter 2003-2004: 22-25. Web. 25 Feb. 2012. Landry, Lauren. â€Å"Mayor Menino Approves the BU Biolab: Ebola and the Plague Head to the South End.† Web. 25 Feb. 2012 Le Duc, James W., et al. â€Å"Framework for Leadership and Training of Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory Workers.† Emerging Infectious Diseases 14.11 (2008): 1685-1688. Web. 25 Feb. 2012.

Layers of the Atmosphere

Without our atmosphere, there would be no life on earth. Two gases make up the bulk of the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen (78%), and oxygen (21%). Argon, carbon dioxide and various trace gases make up the remainder. Scientists divided the atmosphere into four layers according to temperature: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The temperature drops as we go up through the troposphere, but it rises as we move through the next layer, the stratosphere. The farther away from earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. 1. TROPOSPHEREThis is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface, extending up to about 10-15 km above the Earth's surface. It contains 75% of the atmosphere's mass. The troposphere is wider at the equator than at the poles. Temperature and pressure drops as you go higher up the troposphere. The Tropopause:  At the very top of the troposphere is the tropopause where the temperature reaches a (stable) minimum. Some scientists call the tropopa use a â€Å"thermal layer† or â€Å"cold trap† because this is a point where rising water vapour cannot go higher because it changes into ice and is trapped.If there is no cold trap, Earth would loose all its water! Most of what we call weather occurs in the troposphere. The uneven heating of the regions of the troposphere by the Sun causes convection currents and winds. Warm air from Earth's surface rises and cold air above it rushes in to replace it. When warm air reaches the tropopause, it cannot go higher as the air above it (in the stratosphere) is warmer and lighter †¦ preventing much air convection beyond the tropopause. The tropopause acts like an invisible barrier and is the reason why most clouds form and weather phenomena occur within the troposphere.The Greenhouse Effect:  Heat from the Sun warms the Earth's surface but most of it is radiated and sent back into space. Water vapour and carbon dioxide in the troposphere trap some of this heat, preventi ng it from escaping thus keep the Earth warm. This trapping of heat is called the â€Å"greenhouse effect†. However, if there is too much carbon dioxide in the troposphere then it will trap too much heat. Scientists are afraid that the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide would raise the Earth's surface temperature, bringing significant changes to worldwide weather patterns †¦ hifting in climatic zones and the melting of the polar ice caps, which could raise the level of the world's oceans. 2. STRATOSPHERE This layer lies directly above the troposphere and is about 35 km deep. It extends from about 15 to 50 km above the Earth's surface. The stratosphere is warmer at the top than the bottom. The lower portion has a nearly constant temperature with height but in the upper portion the temperature increases with altitude because of absorption of sunlight by ozone. This temperature increase with altitude is the opposite of the situation in the troposphere.The Ozone Layer:   The stratosphere contains a thin layer of ozone molecules (with three oxygen atoms) which forms a protective layer shielding life on Earth from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. But this ozone layer is being depleted, and is getting thinner over Europe, Asia, North American and Antarctica. â€Å"Holes† are appearing in the ozone layer. 3. MESOSPHERE Directly above the stratosphere, extending from 50 to 80 km above the Earth's surface, the mesosphere is a cold layer where the temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude.Here in the mesosphere, the atmosphere is very rarefied nevertheless thick enough to slow down meteors hurtling into the atmosphere, where they burn up, leaving fiery trails in the night sky. 4. THERMOSPHERE The thermosphere extends from 80 km above the Earth's surface to outer space. The temperature is hot and may be as high as thousands of degrees as the few molecules that are present in the thermosphere receive extraordinary large a mounts of energy from the Sun.However, the thermosphere would actually feel very cold to us because of the probability that these few molecules will hit our skin and transfer enough energy to cause appreciable heat is extremely low. The thermosphere corresponds to the heterosphere , a zone where there is no uniform distribution of gases. In other words, the gases are not well-mixed; instead they are stratified that is layered, in accordance to their molecular masses. In contrast, the gases in the homosphere (consisting of the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere) are uniformly distributed.

Karl Marxs Greatest Hits

Karl Marx's Greatest Hits Karl Marx, born May 5, 1818, is considered one of the founding thinkers of sociology, along with Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Harriet Martineau. Though he lived and died before sociology was a discipline in its own right, his writings as a political-economist provided a still deeply important foundation for theorizing the relationship between economy and political power. In this post, we honor Marxs birth by celebrating some of his most important contributions to sociology. Marxs Dialectic Historical Materialism Marx is typically remembered for giving sociology a conflict theory of how society operates. He formulated this theory by first turning an important philosophical tenet of the day on its headthe Hegelian Dialectic. Hegel, a leading German philosopher during Marxs early studies, theorized that social life and society grew out of thought. Looking at the world around him, with the growing influence of capitalist industry on all other facets of society, Marx saw things differently. He inverted Hegels dialectic, and theorized instead that it is the existing forms of economy and productionthe material worldand our experiences within these that shape thought and consciousness. Of this, he wrote in  Capital, Volume 1, The ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the human mind, and translated into forms of thought. Core to all of his theory, this perspective became known as historical materialism. Base and Superstructure Marx gave sociology some important conceptual tools as he developed his historical materialist theory and method for studying society. In The German Ideology, written with Friedrich Engels,  Marx explained that society is divided into two realms: the base, and the superstructure. He defined the base as the material aspects of society: that which allow for production of goods. These include the means of productionfactories and material resourcesas well as the relations of production, or the relationships between people involved, and the distinct roles they play (like laborers, managers, and factory owners), as required by the system. Per his historical materialist account of history and how society functions, it is the base that determines the superstructure, whereby the superstructure is all other aspects of society, like our culture and ideology (world views, values, beliefs, knowledge, norms and expectations); social institutions like education, religion, and media; the political system; and even the identities we subscribe to. Class Conflict and Conflict Theory When looking at society this way, Marx saw that the distribution of power to determine how society functioned was structured in a top-down manner, and was tightly controlled by the wealthy minority who owned and controlled the means of production. Marx and Engels laid out this theory of class conflict in  The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848. They argued that the bourgeoisie, the minority in power, created class conflict by exploiting the labor power of the proletariat, the workers who made the system of production run by selling their labor to the ruling class. By charging far more for the goods produced than they paid the proletariats for their labor, the owners of the means of production earned profit. This arrangement was the basis of the capitalist economy at the time that Marx and Engels wrote, and it remains the basis of it today. Because wealth and power are unevenly distributed between these two classes, Marx and Engels argued that society is in a perpetual state of conflict, wherein the ruling class work to maintain the upper-hand over the majority working class, in order to retain their wealth, power, and overall advantage. (To learn the details of Marxs theory of the labor relations of capitalism, see  Capital, Volume 1.) False Consciousness and  Class Consciousness In  The German Ideology  and  The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels explained that the rule of the bourgeoisie is achieved and maintained in the realm of the superstructure. That is, the basis of their rule is ideological. Through their control of politics, media, and educational institutions, those in power propagate a worldview that suggests that the system as it is is right and just, that is is designed for the good of all, and that it is even natural and inevitable. Marx referred to the inability of the working class to see and understand the nature of this oppressive class relationship as false consciousness, and theorized that eventually, they would develop a clear and critical understanding of it, which would be class consciousness. With class consciousness, they would have awareness of the realities of the classed society in which they lived, and of their own role in reproducing it. Marx reasoned that once class consciousness had been achieved, a worker-led revolutio n would overthrow the oppressive system. Summation These are the ideas that are central to Marxs theory of economy and society, and are what made him so important to the field of sociology. Of course, Marxs written work is quite voluminous, and any dedicated student of sociology should engage in a close reading of as many of his works as possible, especially as his theory remains relevant today. While the class hierarchy of society is more complex today than that which Marx theorized, and capitalism now operates on a global scale, Marxs observations about the dangers of commodified labor, and about the core relationship between base and superstructure continue to serve as important analytic tools for understanding how the unequal status quo is maintained, and how one can go about disrupting it. Interested readers can find all of Marxs writing digitally archived here.

Formulas of Ionic Compounds

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds form when positive and negative ions share electrons and form an ionic bond. The strong attraction between positive and negative ions often produce  crystalline solids that have high melting points. Ionic bonds form instead of covalent bonds when there is a large difference in electronegativity between the ions. The positive ion, called a cation, is listed first in an ionic compound formula, followed by the negative ion, called an anion. A balanced formula has a neutral electrical charge or net charge of zero. Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound A stable ionic compound is electrically neutral, where electrons are shared between cations and anions to complete outer electron shells or octets. You know you have the correct formula for an ionic compound when the positive and negative charges on the ions are the same or cancel each other out. Here are the steps for writing and balancing the formula: Identify the cation ( the portion with a positive charge). It is the least electronegative (most electropositive) ion. Cations include metals and they are often located on the left-hand side of the periodic table.Identify the anion ( the portion with a negative charge). It is the most electronegative ion. Anions include halogens and nonmetals. Keep in mind, hydrogen can go either way, carrying either a positive or negative charge.Write the cation first, followed by the anion.Adjust the subscripts of the cation and anion so the net charge is 0. Write the formula using the smallest whole number ratio between the cation and anion to balance charge. If the charges of the cation and anion are equal (e.g., 1/-1, 2/-2, 3/-3), then combine the cation and anion in a 1:1 ratio. An example is potassium chloride, KCl. Potassium (K) has a 1- charge, while chlorine (Cl-) has a 1- charge. Note that you do not ever write a subscript of 1.If the charges on the cation and the anion are not equal, add subscripts as needed to the ions to balance the charge. The total charge for each ion is the subscript multiplied by the charge. Adjust the subscripts to balance charge. An example is sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. The sodium ion has a 1 charge, multiplied by the subscript 2 to get a total charge of 2. The carbonate anion (CO3-2) has a 2- charge, so there is no additional subscript.If you need to add a subscript to a polyatomic ion, enclose it in parentheses so it is clear the subscript applies to the entire ion and not to an individual atom. An example is aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3. The parenthesis around the sulfate anion indicates three of the 2- sulfate ions are needed to balance 2 of the 3 charged aluminum cations. Examples of Ionic Compounds Many familiar chemicals are ionic compounds. A metal bonded to a nonmetal is a dead giveaway that youre dealing with an ionic compound. Examples include salts, such as table salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4). Compound Name Formula Cation Anion lithium fluoride LiF Li+ F- sodium chloride NaCl Na+ Cl- calcium chloride CaCl2 Ca2+ Cl- iron(II) oxide FeO Fe2+ O2- aluminum sulfide Al2S3 Al3+ S2- iron(III) sulfate Fe2(SO3)3 Fe3+ SO32- Ionic Compound Formulas

Explain the importance of communication in promoting the therapeutic Coursework

Explain the importance of communication in promoting the therapeutic relationship - Coursework Example The behaviours and attitudes of nurses in their caregiving duties and responsibilities highly influence the resultant relationship. It is important to highlight that therapeutic relationship is central to the client’s health and general welfare. I have realized this through my interaction with one of my medical ward patients. A number of factors have constituted my relationship with the patient, but the most important is communication. Communication played a fundamental role in building therapeutic relationship between the patient and me. This in return has enhanced definition and identification of the different users of therapeutic nursing. The role and importance of communication in promoting nurse-patient relationship is described in this paper. A number of factors have influenced my nurse-client relationship prior to my interaction with the patient and communication effectiveness therein. Vulnerability of my client required that trust be an integral component of the therapeutic relationship. Promises to either party were kept to avoid instances of mistrust. Confidentiality of the patient was an important therapeutic variable that I observed so that neither the patient’s nor my boundary was crossed. Our thoughts and opinions prior to this therapeutic relationship were diverse and dynamic. In this regard, mutual respect ensured that these two accounts were accounted for. On the same note, I understood the importance of showing empathy to my client. This way, the client felt cared for and the kind of actions that I took as the patient’s nurse greatly influenced the client’s quality of life, specifically in instances of health complications. Professional intimacy is another thing that built a favourable therapeutic relationship. Bringing the nurse and the client close to one another is integral to a beneficial nursing practice.

Media Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Media Relations - Assignment Example Then he further attained a Masters in Communication with a concentration in Public Relations. The student has received a scholarship as a protocol supervisor, who works with the delegation in Shura Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (WAPTAC, 2013). During his study period, he was actively involved in essential conceptualization of English skills such as reading, writing, grammar, as well as, listening amongst others. Besides, he participated in other elementary university studies that embrace psychology, cultural anthropology, both Canadian and American studies. In addition, he enriched his studies by handling academic research papers presented in different formal settings, but most of all improved his speech work by participating in English classroom debates (WAPTAC, 2013). Up on his appointment at the diplomat of Shura council, Riyadh Saudi Arabia, he is entitled to make arrangements on both local and international levels for visiting delegations. Moreover, he is in charge of press conferences while making drafts and summary of reports concerning the latest events of the organization across the world. His priority is to ensure the right accommodation and transport for the visiting delegations while coordinating all scheduled appointments and he is highly adaptive to various cultural settings. Consequently, he is partly engaged as an editor of Al- Eqtesadiah Newspaper, where he collects, examines and interprets news while maintaining sharp criticism with colleagues and professional experts in the same

Human-wk7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human-wk7 - Essay Example I would think that educators would help students identify goals for their education. As an example, students may want to set a goal that would bring them a better life. They may see this type of gal as long-term and may find another way to identify shorter term goals but they may first need to be exposed to education that helps them identify what they want. Self-regulation comes into play as children would reflect on their wants and needs. Reeve (2009) suggests that this happens as people begin to define goals and work towards them. As they begin to move towards their goals, they also begin to identify whether the goals they have set are working or need to be changed. In educating teens, I would think that educators would also set goals for what they wanted children to learn. Reeve also talks about self-regulation as a skill that must be developed. I would facilitate self-regulation with teens by exposing them to people from Liberia who had set goals and realized them. Plans-- my plans were to begin my Masters and continue it once I began. I think my plan was too big at the time because I did not take into consideration that raising a family and working full time would be difficult. Goals -- I set several goals in my head but I never wrote them down. I wanted a Masters degree because I felt it would bring more money but it was too difficult trying to do school, work full time and take care of my family. Smaller goals would have been better and would have stopped me from feeling so overwhelmed. Personal strivings--I always wanted a Masters degree in counseling because I wanted to help people. I wanted the goal to be completed quickly and I thought I could do it while working full time. I was not able to do it in that way. Implementation intention -- I did not have a specific plan for my Masters degree. I only wanted to have one. If I had set specific goals for completion like I have now, I may have been

Big Five Personality Theory Essay Example for Free

Big Five Personality Theory Essay Psychology refers to study of human mind and behavior. The main aim of psychology is to gain an intricate understanding of all and why individuals behave the way they do and what are the causes of their behavior. The ultimate aim is to understand a man in order to benefit society at large. There are many theories that discuss and try to explore different aspects of human behavior. The big five personality theory has been revolutionary and is currently the most accepted model in the scientific community. It consists of five traits – Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, and openness and can be remembered by acronym – Ocean. One of the best ways to access a trait is to directly ask a person about the trait ( self report ) and then get an observer to confirm the trait ( observer report ). Me and my husband scored me on various traits as detailed above separately. We scored the answers, the scores and details of each trait are as below: Extroversion: My extroversion scores were (41- 41). This suggests I am talkative, outgoing, seek adventure, and excitement. Introverted people are quiet and reserved, though some researchers have shown that introverts can be as gregarious in social situations as extroverts but the key is in the source of energy. Extroverts gain energy from social interactions where as introverts from solitude. This is so true in my case. I have never been comfortable being alone. Openness: I scored (78-65) in openness, which is characterized by imagination, broadmindedness, originality. People low in this trait traditional, stick to familiarity, follow tested paths. It’s true in my case. I love challenges, trying new things adds new dimension and meaning to my life. In fact I would go ahead and say not doing different things disappoints me. It is this trait that got me my boyfriend who is now my husband. I guess this need comes because I lived 22years of ritualistic and traditional life. Thanks to a strict father. Conscientious : I scored (33-36) on conscientious which is characterized by dependability, efficiency and persistence. I love order in anything. Be it my wardrobe, gym routine, doing my laundry on Saturday or cleanliness of the house. Being on time to appointments, keeping order in life, I believe speaks volumes about a person and I intend to have a positive one. Guess, I get that trait from my father. He was always prompt with bills, early for appointments even informal ones. I did not know one could live any other way. Agreeableness: I scored 30(me)-43(husband) in agreeableness. It is characterized by less negative emotions, like jealousy, revenge and more empathy. People low in this trait look to win arguments not people, lean more towards excitement and dominance. I guess my husband sees me as being as agreeable because he himself is a agreeable person and sees positive in others always whereas I am more critical of myself. I am supportive of friends and family and empathize a lot with people to an extent that I feel angry if my close ones are insulted. But at the same time if someone does something wrong even if it is my mother I will not stop myself from confronting her. So, I must say I agree with my score of 30. Emotional stability: I Scored 16(me)-29(husband) in Emotional stability. It is characterized by stability in emotions in various situations in life and they are calm, free from persistent negative feelings. People rating low on this trait show negative emotions like anger, anxiety, depression, low tolerance to stress, mood swings and pessimism, Both me and my husband have scored me low on this scale. The reason is I do get stressed easily. Exams, major decisions in life get me on my nerves. At those times I am a different person – angry, not approachable and irritable. But once I find solution to the problem in my mind, I immediately get back to being myself. I guess, I need to work on being more stable. The big 5 theory helps shed light towards formation of human personalities and why different individuals exhibit different emotions and reactions when dealing with different social situations. Human behavior just like psychology itself is a broad specialty and having all the answers is virtually i mpossible. However having different theories give innumerable details that helps form a bigger picture of causes and variables that shape a human. Anju Priyadarshini

Human resource practices at Tesco

Human resource practices at Tesco Identification of the organisations business strategy, mission and goals Tesco is, as Brand Finance (2014) notes, the largest retailer in UK, as well as being a highly significant retailer globally. As of 2014, Tesco is operating in 12 countries globally, and there are presently 6,780 Tesco stores. In addition, the company employs approximately 500,000 people worldwide. In addition to its core business in the grocery sector, Tesco has also diversified to offer a range of other products and services, such as personal finance and mobile phones. It has developed its ‘bricks and mortar’ business model to include an increasing emphasis upon modern day technology, through Tesco Direct (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010) and the customer relationship management programme, Clubcard (Felgate, Fearne and di Falco, 2011). Business strategy Tesco’s has, as Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) comment, a well-established and consistent business strategy that has enabled the company not only to strengthen the core UK business but also to expand successfully into a range of new markets. Those markets that were not successful, such as the US Fresh Easy stores, have been off-loaded in order to limit group-wide losses (Tyrell, 2014). Tesco’s business strategies mainly focus, as Wood and McCarthy (2014) further postulate, on the huge UK domestic grocery market, along with financial services, and telecommunications. Evaluating its business strategy, Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) assert that one of the main objectives of Tesco’s business strategy is to create sustainable, long-term growth. According to Tesco plc (2014), this will be achieved by world-wide expansion. With this goal in mind, the company initially focused on expanding its business enterprises into Asia and central Europe. Tesco primarily focuses, according to Metzger (2014), on five key market sectors: 1) its core UK business, 2) the communities in which it operates, 3) non-food products, both within and beyond those offered ‘in store’, 4) retailing services, and 5) international markets. The company has, as this essay discusses, separate strategies for each of these aspects. The major objectives of Tesco’s business strategy include being a successful retailer internationally, facilitating the continued growth of the core UK business, being strong in the non-food market, the further development of various retailing services like telecommunications, Tesco personal finance and Tesco.com, and giving to the communities in which it operates, so as to strengthen brand loyalty (Piercy, Cravens and Lane, 2010). Tesco’s core UK business is the most important part of the entire business and accounts for 70% of group sales (Tesco, 2014). There are, as already noted, almost 3,400 Tesco stores employing around 310,000 people in the UK; these people are employed in five main, distinctively different, types of store, in order of size format: Tesco Extra, Superstore, Express, Metro, and One Stop. In addition, there are other format stores, such as Homeplus, Dobbies, and internet shopping options. There are presently 247 Extra stores, 482 Superstores, 195 Metro, 1,672 Express, and 722 One Stop stores, which, quite literally, give Tesco a presence in almost every town within the country (Tesco, 2014). In commenting upon how Tesco has developed its business model in light of lessons learned from the current global recession, it is suggested by Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) that the primary realisation has been that people want more value for their money but they do not want to compromise on product quality. This message can be seen to have been acted upon by Tesco in a number of ways. First, Tesco has enhanced promotion of its ‘Value’ range, coupled with less advertising of its premier ‘Finest’ range. Secondly, the rewarding of customer loyalty has led Tesco to create a world-leading customer loyalty programme called ‘Clubcard’. According to Tesco (2014), fulfilling corporate responsibility and creating value within the communities it operates are crucial for achieving growth. Tesco believes, as Blythman (2012) further notes, that each and every strategy that it designs has an impact on the community. Tesco’s strategies regarding corp orate responsibility include providing active support to local community, providing good jobs to locals, and taking care of the environment. In addition, the company is aiming to create zero carbon stores in the future (Rosethorn, 2009). The main objective of Tesco’s non-food strategy is to become as strong in this arena as it is in the food category. Tesco’s Dobbies, Homeplus and Extra stores are the three store formats where non-food products are available, the latter in addition to food. In 2000, Tesco Direct, the company’s online store where more than 125,000 products are available, was launched. The company has 25 distribution centres, out of which six deal with clothing and non-food products (Tesco, 2014). Cumulatively, these distribution centres deliver goods to an estimated 500,000 customers per week in the online sector only (Tesco, 2014); this division of the company has experienced rapid growth, showing the importance of diversification to the continued growth of the company (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010). Tesco’s various retail services include Tesco Bank, Tesco.com and Tesco telecommunications. In the UK, Tesco Bank is the most successful supermarket bank (Scuffham, 2014), which once more shows how invaluable diversification has been to the continued success and growth of the group as a whole. Furthermore, developing Tesco.com was a strategy of keeping pace with modern trends in shopping which may result, in the future, in fewer resources being applied to traditional ‘bricks and mortar’ strategies, and more being routed towards on-line consumers. Identification of the organisations overall HRM strategy and goals This section discusses the overall human resource management (HRM) strategy and goals of Tesco. Given the global reach of the chain, it is imperative that managers make a complete and feasible HRM plan and use different strategies to manage employees. This will include changing strategies to account for local customs and variations (Brennan, Moore and Mughan, 2013). The human resource strategy presently utilised at Tesco’s revolves, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) discuss, around the training and development of employees, communication and consultation, and rewards and benefits linked to achieving targets. This triple-headed approach to HRM has been successful over the years and has helped the firm to retain and recruit well-motivated staff who present a professional appearance to customers and are proud to work for Tesco. The most significant part of the HRM strategy of Tesco is training and development in terms of both time and money (Tesco, 2014). Every year, Tesco emplo ys a large number of staff and a critical component of this, in addition to ‘front line’ shop staff, is the recruitment of high quality graduates from leading universities (Rosethorn, 2009). It is imperative, given the academic background of these recruits, that they are trained in ‘the Tesco way’ and introduced as quickly as possible to the corporate structure and mentality of the firm. This is why the training of graduates through specific recruitment programmes is essential (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco does not merely, however, favour graduates. It values all its staff as important resources and promises each of its employees that they will have a chance to develop their skill set and progress through the company (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This implies, in the opinion of the author, that each employee has the same opportunity to acquire essential skills relating to their work and the same opportunity to develop themselves to learn new knowledge . In the UK, skilled specialist employees in traditional occupations, such as fishmongers and bakers, can attain recognised qualifications during their careers at Tesco and, in 2008, 97.4% of shop-floor and 99.9% of Tesco.com employees in the UK were trained to bronze level (competent); 94.2% of shop-floor employees achieved silver level competence (expert or experienced). Such data suggests, as Ma, Ding and Hong (2010) comment, that Tesco realises the importance of investing in its staff and is keen to retain and develop a large number of skilled workers. In addition to the training programme evaluated above, Tesco has an Options development program. In this program, staff can select and learn skills that they need to grasp so as to progress to the next work level within the firm – this is, therefore, a form of self-guided career professional development. One in 30 employees of Tesco in the UK participate this programme, according to Tesco (2014). Mindful of its success, Tesco expanded this programme into Central Europe and Asia in 2009 (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). This suggests that different parts of the company can benefit from positive innovations trialled elsewhere. The second major part of its HRM programme is tied into issues pertaining to communication and consultation. Tesco wants to know the views of employees on problems which affect them and the wider company. This form of ‘bottom-up’ feedback is common in companies with a global presence, as Brannen, Moore and Mughan (2013) note. Managers are now encouraged to use different types of communication to gather feedback that can be used to develop the company further. This includes, according to Fernie and Sparks (2014), staff question times, face-to-face interviews, and use of the in-house internet. In addition, Tesco undertakes an annual staff survey and ‘Viewpoint’, which are anonymous and confidential (Tesco, 2014). Tesco uses these approaches to find the problems in working processes as soon as possible, so that it can address them and ensure that it responds to them in a manner so as to maximise returns. The third part of Tesco’s HRM strategy relates to rewards and benefits (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco tries to keep a competitive HRM edge over its major supermarket rivals by offering a basic wage that is as high as possible. This is enhanced by long-term reward plans and share bonuses (Tesco, 2014). Analysis of the various components of Tesco HRM Human resource management at Tesco involves various activities, including recruitment talent analysis, provision of a good working environment, programmes aimed at retaining employees who have good performance, and ensuring that all are treated equally (Rosethorn, 2009). These divergent trends within HRM are all important as, without them, employees may not feel valued. Increasing employee self-worth is, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) note, a valuable tool in the arsenal of the successful HRM practitioner because those who feel valued are likely to outperform less enchanted colleagues. In addition, a highly motivated workforce has been shown, by Fernie and Sparks (2014), to maximise the potential for high profit returns within a firm. It is also worth considering that ensuring equality in the firm is an important legal consideration given the right of all people to work in a safe environment that is free from bullying and respects human rights (Tushman and O’Reilly, 2002). For good employee relations the company also encourages its workers to work near their homes, which, as Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) observe, is a ‘green’ initiative that helps cut down on fuel costs and also reduces the time that individuals spend travelling to work. The company also gives their employees freedom of transfer, thus encouraging employee retention (Metzger, 2014). In addition, the use of shift work maximises the ability of people to work hours that suit their own timetables; thus, for instance, a student may be able to obtain an evening shift that does not interrupt his or her studies, whereas a mother of young primary school-aged children may be able to work during the day whilst the children are at school. This flexibility of working patterns, which is also important for the exchange of ideas and for the promotion of equality of faith (such as the need for Orthodox Jews not to work on Saturdays) are all factors that help Tesco to build a wide multicul tural team of workers that are attune to the attitudes of the individual communities that they serve. Indeed, as a result of the UK being a truly multicultural society, HRM can be seen to play a critical role in working towards the creation of a healthy work environment. Tesco also ensures that every employee knows his or her rights in the organisation, which can also be seen as a way of ensuring that employee unions are supportive of the market aspirations of the company (Rosethorn, 2009). That Tesco also embraces health and safety regulations and training may be seen as a further bonus. In addition, Tesco trains its employees on disaster management, which is not only a positive for staff but also for the shoppers who frequent Tesco (Blythman, 2012). That staff receive such training means that members of the public can shop in safety in the secure knowledge that in the event of a fire outbreak the staff are trained, and responsive. With regard to the use of human resource models, Tesco can be evaluated as using a range of different models to ensure that it meets it core business goals (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This is important to note within the confines of this essay because no two people are identical (in terms of their behaviour and personality traits), thus calling for different HRM approaches to be adopted to ensure that there is, within the workforce, harmony in the company (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco has, as Rosethorn (2009) notes, has resolved to u se a commitment-based model which does not force employees to meet frameworks. Rather, the achievement of goals is looked at as possible through respect, provided that there is co-ordination and self-control. This model calls for motivation and reinforcement in order to achieve the objectives of Tesco management and, as Tushman and O’Reilly (2002) suggest, employee opinions are taken into consideration and are used even during problem-solving processes. This model puts the employee at the forefront and helps to sustain motivation. Identification of areas that could be improved Tesco knows that it, in order to keep competitive in an increasingly cut-throat market, it has to keep sound strategies and build upon them (Wood and McCarthy, 2014). It is critical therefore, in accordance with the view advanced by Tushman and O’Reilly (2002), that human resource management continues to develop, identify, and strengthen the capacities of its staff. Tesco has a lot of employees who have substantial experience, and it follows that there is a key role for them to play in the training of new employees. In addition the company needs to train employees with expertise and ensure that they are kept up-to-date with regards to their key skill sets. The training concepts mentioned within this assignment work together to ensure that the organisation benefits from the increased competence of its staff. For rewards and wages Tesco is in line with existing laws and regulations and pays salaries according to the minimum wage law (Tesco, 2014). Nevertheless, further benefits could be accrued by making a more explicit linkage between performance and reward, especially with regard to the firm’s overall profits (Metzger, 2014). This would mean that when annual profits increase, there should be an increase in the salaries and rewards enjoyed by employees. Such rewarding of talent will have a positive impact on both workers and the company (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Conclusion The human resource management department plays an important role in any organisation. Tesco has a well-documented, forward-thinking HRM department which is in tune with its overall business aims. Through the recruitment and retention of first rate staff and ensuring that all employees can perform to the best of their ability, Tesco increases the chances that its staff will be a positive asset (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2014). In addition, as Tesco increasingly diversifies its business portfolio, there is a need to ensure that all employees in each country in which it operates learn from best practice elsewhere (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). Indeed, if Tesco is to attain its global objectives, it is imperative that its HRM department continually evaluates its own performance (as well as that of employees), so that the company’s most important asset – its staff – can continually adapt to the changing needs and expectations of the company’s customers to h elp ensure that it retains its existing position of primacy within the UK supermarket sector (Metzger, 2014). Bibliography Blythman, J. (2012). Shopped: The shocking power of British supermarkets. London: HarperCollins. Brand Finance (2014). Global 500 2014: The world’s most valuable brands. Available at: http://brandirectory.com/league_tables/table/global-500-2014 [accessed 10 September 2014]. Brannen, M.Y., Moore, F. and Mughan, T. (2013). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams. Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings, London, September 16-18, pp. 282-299. Felgate, M., Fearne, A. and di Falco, S. (2011). Analysing the impact of supermarket promotions: A case study using Tesco Clubcard data in the UK. Kent Business School. Working Paper 234. Fernie, J. and Sparks, S. (2014). Logistics and retail management (4th edn). London: Kogan Page. Fernie, S. and Moore, C. (2013). Principles of retailing. Abingdon: Routledge. Ma, Y., Ding, J. and Hong, W. (2010). Delivering customer value based on service process: The example of Tesco.com. International Business Research, 3(2), 131. Merkel, J., Jackson, P. and Pick, D. (2010). New challenges in retail human resource management. In Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. (eds) (2014). Retailing in the 21st century (2nd edn). Springer: Berlin, pp. 257-270. Metzger, K. (2014). Business analysis of UK supermarket industry. Master’s dissertation, Loughborough University. Piercy, N.F., Cravens, D.W. and Lane, N. (2010). Marketing out of the recession: Recovery is coming, but things will never be the same again. The Marketing Review, 10(1), 3-23. Rosethorn, H. (2009). The employer brand: Keeping faith with the deal. Farnham: Gower. Schiraldi, P., Smith, H. and Takahashi, Y. (2012). Estimating a dynamic game of spatial competition: The case of the UK supermarket industry. LSE Working Paper. Scuffham, M. (2014). Tesco takes on UK banks with current account launch. Reuters [online]. Available at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/09/uk-tesco-bank-account-idUKKBN0EK24H20140609 [accessed 10 September 2014]. Tesco plc (2014). Annual report 2014. Cheshunt: Tesco plc. Tushman, M.L. and OReilly, C.A. (2002). Winning through innovation: A practical guide to leading organizational change and renewal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press. Tyrell, J. (2014). Introduction to socio-cultural influences. In Mutum, D.S., Roy, S.K. and Kipnis, E. (eds) (2014). Marketing cases from emerging markets. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 9-11. Wood, S. and McCarthy, D. (2014). The UK food retail ‘race for space’ and market saturation: A contemporary review. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24(2), 121-144.